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Wednesday, September 2, 2009

Causes of Acute Renal Failure


Causes of Acute Renal Failure

 "Pre-renal" - usually due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys
• hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding leading to shock
• bums
• sepsis
• emboli, stenosis, occlusion, trauma to renal artery
• decreased cardiac output
     - congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction
• surgery


"Intra-renal" - injury to kidney tubules (most common form of acute renal failure) 
     - Prolonged "pre-renal" status
     - Drugs that are nephrotoxic
          • anti-neoplasties (chemotherapy)
          • x-ray dye
          • pesticides
          • heavy metals (lead, mercury)
          • plants, animals (mushrooms, snake bites)


"Intra-renal" (continued)
• Inflammation from bacteria/virus
• Trauma
• Immunological and vasculitic diseases
     - Auto-antibodie» (Goodpasture's, LED.Wegener’s,...)
•  Transfusion reactions
•  Vascular disorders
     - hypertension, diabetes
• Pregnancy disorders
     - pre-eclampsia, septic aboition
* Tissue or organ transplant rejection


"Post-renal" - the flow of urine from the kidneys to the exterior of the body is prevented, usually due to an obstruction (stones, tumors,...)





Causes of Acute Renal Failure - Related Hemodialysis Article



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