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| Causes of Acute Renal Failure |
"Pre-renal" - usually due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys
• hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding leading to shock
• bums
• sepsis
• emboli, stenosis, occlusion, trauma to renal artery
• decreased cardiac output
- congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction
• surgery
"Intra-renal" - injury to kidney tubules (most common form of acute renal failure)
- Prolonged "pre-renal" status
- Drugs that are nephrotoxic
• anti-neoplasties (chemotherapy)
• x-ray dye
• pesticides
• heavy metals (lead, mercury)
• plants, animals (mushrooms, snake bites)
"Intra-renal" (continued)
• Inflammation from bacteria/virus
• Trauma
• Immunological and vasculitic diseases
- Auto-antibodie» (Goodpasture's, LED.Wegener’s,...)
• Transfusion reactions
• Vascular disorders
- hypertension, diabetes
• Pregnancy disorders
- pre-eclampsia, septic aboition
* Tissue or organ transplant rejection
"Post-renal" - the flow of urine from the kidneys to the exterior of the body is prevented, usually due to an obstruction (stones, tumors,...)
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