- Diabetes
- Hypertension/Large Vessel Disease
- Glomerulonephritis
- Interstitial Nephritis/Pyelonephritis
- Congenital and Cystic Diseases
- Secondary Glomerulonephritis/Vasculitis
- Neoplasms/Tumor
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| Diseases Causing Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) |
Diabetes
• The number one cause of stage 5 CKD in the US
• Damages the small vessels in the glomeruli so they lose their selective permeability and become "leaky" (microalbuminuria)
• Proteinuria, low serum albumin, high cholesterol, and edema are some of the first symptoms of clear-cut diabetic nephropathy
• They are followed by the development of arterial hypertension and progressive chronic renal failure
Hypertension/Large Vessel Disease
• Renal arteries become thickened from the prolonged high pressures
• Renal arteries may narrow and cause further decrease of blood flow
• Renal arteries and glomerular capillaries become clogged and tubules atrophy
Glomerulonephritis
• inflammation that affects the glomerular capillaries, usually from an immunologic process
• antigen/antibody complexes are trapped in the glomeruli
• can occur after a beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of throat or skin (acute)
• during childhood and adolescent years, more often in boys vs. girls
• treat the symptoms; usually given steroids and antibiotics
• generally good prognosis although patient can develop
• chronic glomerulonephritis and CKD
Interstitial Nephritis/Pyelonephritis
• inflammation usually caused by E. Coli
• may be asymptomatic to developing fever, chills, flank pain, bacteriuria, pyuria
• prognosis is good, however repeated recurrences may scar the kidney leading to CKD
Congenital and Cystic Diseases
• approx. 10% of newborns have significant malformations of the urinary tract "single kidney
• fused kidney
• displaced kidney
• aplastic kidney
• Polycystic Kidney Disease
• nephrons become cystic with outpouchings
• onset usually at 30-50 years of age
• inherited
• Medullary Cystic Disease
• kidneys are small with medullary cysts
• rare, sporadic occurring inherited disease
Secondary Glomerulonephritis/Vasculitis
• Scleroderma
• vascular and collagen changes resulting in thickening and insufficiency
• Lupus Erythematosus
• chronic systemic inflammatory disorder of the arterial vasculature from autoantibody formation
• Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Neoplasms/Tumor
• Neoplasm
• usually is a metastasis from the lung
• poor prognosis
• radical nephrectomy is tx of choice
• Wilm's Tumor (children)
• most common tumor of urinary tract in children
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